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Circuits and Systems
(CAS)
Society The Long Island Chapter of the Circuits and Systems Society (CAS-04) consists of members with professional interests in the theory, analysis, design, tools, and implementation of circuits and/or systems. The coverage of this field includes the spectrum of activities from basic scientific theory to industrial applications. |
Analog Semiconductors > AKM > Allegro > Infineon > LSI/CSI > Maxim > Monzite > NJR > NXP > Renesas > Semikron > Torex > UMS > Union > Vishay Application Notes > Basics of Linear Fixed Resistors > Flex & Rigid-Flex Fundamentals > Power Supply Noise Reduction > Principles of Semiconductors
Design Programs/Tools > LTSpice
> VITA Publications > Printed Circuit Design & Fab Reference
Tools > PDN Tool
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Past Lectures |
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Alex Pokryvailo - Spellman High Voltage This lecture is intended for engineers and researchers in the field of high voltage electronics who want to expand or refresh their understanding of the parasitics impact on operation and design of HV converters in everyday practice. The lecture focuses on power circuitry of high-performance switchmode power supplies ranging from units to hundreds of kV. “Resonant” behavior is regarded as the influence of the HV transformer and voltage multiplier on the converter current waveforms. HV transformer equivalent circuits are discussed; their choice for further analysis is justified both theoretically and experimentally. Over-voltages (OV) generated by high harmonics are analyzed with Fourier transforms.
Ervin Mile - Keysight This talk targets engineers using power semiconductor devices in inverter circuits who are not conversant in semiconductor physics and characterization, but who need to gain a practical understanding of how various device parameters impact the performance of their inverter circuit. It will begin with a brief overview of important power semiconductor device parameters and an explanation of the benefits of wide band gap (WBG) devices over silicon. It will then discuss semiconductor power loss and its components (conduction loss, switching loss, and driving loss) and what key device parameters affect these components. Since device capacitances are a key determinant of switching loss, this talk will cover the accurate characterization of these parameters at thousands of volts of DC bias. Similarly, this talk will also cover the determination of gate charge (which is a key parameter for driving loss) at high current and voltage. Finally, this talk will explain the need to perform double-pulse testing to accurately characterize device gate charge when driving inductive loads.
Isaac Cohen - Texas Instruments A quantitative analysis and comparison of magnetics and switching losses in Boost and Flyback converters operating in TM and CCM.
Brian Miller - EPC Gallium Nitride (GaN) power FETs have been in production for over 10 years by many manufacturers. Sometimes the schematic symbol for GaN FETs includes a diode, and sometimes not. This talk explores the structure of GaN FETs, and whether or not they have an internal diode. What is the reverse conduction performance, and how can engineers take advantage of the reverse conduction characteristics in power designs. Also covered in this talk is a review of recent advances in GaN FETs and GaN ICs, reliability study advances, and also controllers and gate drivers. The lecture concludes with a look at the near future of GaN devices.
James Colotti Continued advances in digital and analog technologies present new challenges to the design of Printed Wiring Boards (PWBs). As clock frequencies and data rates approach the X-Band region, digital designers are faced with considerations that were once only viewed as analog/RF concerns such as dielectric loss, skin effects, dispersion and impedance matching. High dynamic range analog circuits can also present unique challenges concerning noise immunity and stability. The presentation covers PWB construction, PWB material selection, grounding, Signal Integrity (SI) and Power Integrity (PI), and is intended for analog, RF, EMC and digital engineers.
Frank Dominick Messina
The lecture is composed of two one-hour parts. In Part I a general overview of SSR/IFF is presented which includes a review of terms and definitions. From there, a historical timeline of SSR/IFF is summarized beginning with early implementations and ending with modern day systems. Then system architectures are reviewed starting with block diagrams and the challenges of scanning airspace. System-level features discussed include sidelobe suppression, antenna dwell time, azimuth determination and RF link budgets. In addition, the trade-offs between 2-channel and 3-channel systems are reviewed.
Viviana Vlăduţescu - New York City College of Technology Ultra Fast High Power Lasers (UFHPL) are used in particle beam acceleration for creating radiation sources, free electron lasers, colliders, particle therapy, industrial or security applications, etc. This presentation focuses on the synergies between lasers, accelerators, and plasma. It also includes the basics of UFHPL subsystems such as stretcher, compressors, amplifiers, and all the different components needed for chirped pulse amplification CPA/OPCPA. The parameters needed for laser pulse evaluation (laser contrast ratio, pulse length, etc) and instruments used are briefly presented. Additional concepts, such as Schwinger intensity limit, laser plasma acceleration, and accelerated particle beams and their various applications are also discussed.
Jeffrey Fedison - STMicroelectronics An overview of the benefits of SiC based power devices is first discused with a focus on SiC MOSFETs. A typical traction inverter application example is examined and a comparison made of the inverter performance when conventional silicon IGBTs are replaced with silicon carbide MOSFETs, showing that this replacement allows dramatic improvement from both an electrical and mechanical standpoint. The overall reduced power dissipation of the SiC MOSFET solution brings the added advantages of longer autonomy for a given battery size, improved traction inverter reliability, and reduction of volume and weight of the power train. Light-load efficiency and temperature dependence of the switching and conduction losses are also examined.
Dan Schwarz - Keysight Technologies This presentation is intended to give the designer understanding into mechanisms which can cause closed loop systems to not work as intended. New analysis techniques will be presented which can provide insights into performance problems so better designs can be made. Lastly, a workflow will be suggested that will help designers avoid issues before fabrication and have predictable results.
Thomas Mosteller - Analog Devices A review of the basic functions of LTSpice including schematic capture, circuit simulation, waveform analysis, AC and DC sweeps and power dissipation analysis. More advanced subjects are also covered such as importing third-party models, behavioral sources, piece-wise linear sources, transformers and managing custom libraries. > Viewgraphs, the Basics (3.2 MB) > Viewgraphs, Importing Third Party Models (0.8 MB) > Viewgraphs, Transformers (0.2 MB) > Viewgraphs, Voltage & Current Controlled Switches (0.6 MB) > Viewgraphs, Creating a Schematic Symbol (0.9 MB) > Viewgraphs, Behavioral Sources Parameters and Expression Evaluation (1.9 MB) > Viewgraphs, Managing and Customizing Model Libraries (0.4 MB) > Viewgraphs, Piece-Wise Linear Voltage Sources (0.8 MB)
Aniruddha Kolarkar - Apex Microtechnology High-power operational Amplifiers are widely used electronic devices. This seminar talks about linear and switching (PWM) power amplifiers and their behavior with under various load conditions. Instability artifacts, such as high frequency oscillations, excessive noise, and output ripple are also examined. The later part of the lecture focuses on external components to reduce instability and to protect the amplifier. The presentation also discusses various applications of compact high power operational amplifiers.
Andrew Brierley-Green – Maxim Integrated Satellite-based navigation has become a ubiquitous technology. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are now found in many consumer products such as smartphones, cameras, laptops and automobiles. The discussion starts with a review of the three segments of the System; satellites, ground stations and receivers. From there, the various influences on satellite orbits are examinedalong with the errors these influences produce. Operational topics covered include trilateration, ranging estimation and error sources, PRN code, time error correction, navigation equations, signal spectra and BOC modulation. Navigation Systems from Russia, China, India and the EU are also reviewed. In the concluding segment, a typical GNSS receiver architecture is reviewed with a focus on RF front-end considerations and baseband processing. Following is a discussion on recent advances in an integrated solution that includes LNA, ADCs and fractional-N PLL which supports GPS/Galileo/GLONASS/BeiDou L1/G1/E1/B1
Greg Bonaguide - Rohde & Schwarz An ideal oscillator would produce energy at a single frequency. However, any real source will have energy not only at the resonant frequency but also at frequencies close to the desired signal. This additional undesired energy is referred to as phase noise. The origin of phase noise in microwave oscillators are discussed in addition to how phase noise can lead to reciprocal mixing and desensitization issues in receivers. Various measurement techniques are also explored such as the delay line method and the cross-correlation method, in addition to their advantages and limitations. The lecture will include interactive demonstrations of phase noise measurements.
Bill Demers - Vishay Precision Group
The various types of resistor technologies are covered including bulk metal foil, thin film, thick film and wire-wound, along with the factors that must be considered in the selection process for a given circuit application. Foil topology is then covered in more detail showing how stabilities of 0.2 to 2.0 ppm/K are readily achieved and the various packaging options available. Some portions of the foil resistor manufacturing process areexamined to establish a better understanding of resistor modeling. Parasitic inductance and capacitance of foil resistors areexamined and compared to other resistor topologies. Applications explored include precision current sensingand high-stability current mirroring, which are supplemented by live practical demonstrations that highlight the differencesof resistor technologies in terms of PCR, TCR, ESD, short-term overload and thermal EMF.
Mike Tranchemontagne – Tektronix
As clock speeds increase, obtaining meaningful time based electrical measurement is imperative. The industry is pushing the envelope on transmitter and receiver designs requiring detailed performance analysis of these components. The high speed oscilloscope is a common tool for analyzing clock jitter and noise but making sense of these signals can be challenging. In this lecture the types of jitter are explored in addition to the sources of jitter. Also described are state-of-the-art software tools (including DPOJET) to measure various aspects of jitter in order to gain valuable insight into your design. The lecture will include live and interactive demonstrations.
Murthy Upmaka – Keysight
Methodology using advanced techniques help produce first-pass success in designs with high yield, while eliminating design iterations thus saving time and money. Avenues explored include methods to render a design that is insensitive to process variation and external factors, while maintaining low-variability (consistency), high performance and high yield.
Milutin Stanaćević – Stony Brook
University The advances in the design and fabrication of sensors lead to miniaturized sensor arrays. The goal of the presented work is to advance the performance of these sensor arrays through algorithmic and hardware solutions and translate those solutions into the design of small-form-factor and low-power microsystems. Source separation and localization are investigated. A set of algorithms are explained that integrate spatial and spectral sensing of the acoustic field and independent component analysis for task of blind source separation using miniature microphone arrays. The hardware implementation of these algorithms introduces novel designs on the architectural and circuit levels. The designed microsystem achieves high speech intelligibility and recognition in a noisy and reverberant environment and is amenable to application in smart hearing aids and the next generation of audio interfaces.
Graham Smith – TE Connectivity The connector-to-board interface regions (footprints) reside on either side of any mated connector pair and are an integral part of system electrical performance. As data transfer rates have increased, footprint and routing design considerations have increased concurrently and have a greater contribution to the overall Signal Integrity performance. Engineers must deal with these increased speeds by refining board designs to accommodate Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturing capabilities while simultaneously finding ways to enhance performance to accommodate increased data rates.
Carl Finke – Cypress Semiconductor Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology intended for novel applications in various industries including healthcare, fitness, security and home entertainment. Compared to traditional Bluetooth, BLE is intended to provide significantly reduced power consumption and cost while maintaining a similar communication range. This lecture presents one-chip solutions for BLE applications. Bluetooth and PSoC basics are first explored, followed by four design examples (labs). In these examples, BLE design specifics are explored including Attribute Protocol, Security, Architecture, BLE Radio Physical Layer and Link Layer.
Steve Rousselle - ANSYS The Internet of Things, unmanned aerial vehicles and continued growth of mobile devices is driving the demand for simulation tools. These tools can be used to design RF/microwave components, such as antennas and embedded passives. Simulation can also help engineers understand how to integrate and place components within larger, complex structures, including mobile devices and wearable electronics. New 3-D electromagnetic component libraries with allow engineers to design, optimize and share high-frequency components across engineering departments and throughout the supply chain.
Viviana Vladutescu – City University of
New York This presentation introduces systems engineering for space missions. Topics include: mission needs and concept of operations, requirements, transactions, program execution, quality and the house of quality, models planned, how to propose the work, proposal contents and structure, proposal team, and credibility.
Emre Salman - SUNY Stony Brook During the past two decades, the performance (both speed and power) of integrated circuits has been limited by on-chip interconnects. Three-dimensional (3D) integration has recently received considerable attention to alleviate interconnect related challenges and enhance IC performance while potentially lowering the overall cost. Major companies in the semiconductor industry consider 3D integration as the most promising enabling technology once the planar CMOS hits the 7 nm wall in the near future. This talk introduces different types of 3D integration technology, primary challenges, and will summarize the recent research results at the Nanoscale Circuits and Systems (NanoCAS) Laboratory at Stony Brook University.
Daniela Viviana Vladutescu - NYCCT/CUNY Satellites can operate in several types of Earth orbit. The most common orbits for environmental satellites are geostationary and polar, but other orbital options exist including inclined and Molniya. Orbital trade-offs are discussed in addition to other considerations in the design of satellite systems, including the number of assets, viewing geometries, coverage, revisit times, thermal environment, access to surveyed areas and ground stations.
Arthur Williams - Telebyte This presentation introduces some basic definitions necessary to understand the subject matter such as permeability, flux density and magnetic hysteresis. The structure of a toroid and its advantages are illustrated. Analysis of the BH curve and the characteristics of inductors such as DC resistance, dielectric losses, core losses, skin effect, magnetic coupling, and Q are discussed. The effect of an air gap is presented. Toriodal cores are introduced and the design trade-offs of different winding methods and core selection are discussed. Equivalent circuits of transformers is given for both low and high frequency.
Robert Gezelter - RLGSC Many, if not most of us, have worked with systems where the language, paradigm, or platform was a poor fit to the task at hand. We have seen scientific tasks written in COBOL; string manipulation written in FORTRAN; incomprehensible spreadsheets; and positively impenetrable scripts. Nobody sets out to choose a wrong or create an unnecessarily complex project. Why does it then happen with such regularity? Incremental engineering is often deceiving. An approach seems simple and more than adequate at the outset, yet as we delve deeper, the reality is more complex. Individual steps do not in and of themselves appreciably contribute to overall complexity; it is the sum of all such steps over time that is disheartening. This is a cost of evolving systems without forethought, a concept familiar to anatomists and evolutionary biologists. Often, the problem can be avoided by a developing an understanding of the expected evolutionary trajectory. The key to developing this understanding is familiarity with both the positive and negative costs associated with various implementation choices. We will explore: scaling, foundations, presumptions, maintainability, and other consequences surrounding these choices.
Morty Eisen - Marcum Technology A Virtualization is a proven technology that is rapidly transforming the computing landscape and changing the way systems are deployed. There are many types of virtualization - server, network, storage, and more. In this presentation, we demystify these complex terms, explain what they can do for you, and name specific products that provide these functions. One key issue is how to share resources both within and across systems. Virtualization is required of data center resources, so that the same resources can be shared across multiple users, and if necessary a single user can scale workloads over multiple resources in multiple locations. IT professionals, engineers and management should start to look at the integration of server, storage and network virtualization as an essential part of private and hybrid cloud computing. While this is a multi-year cultural and technical journey for organizations to create an Infrastructure 2.0 environment that will interface with Cloud services, the strategic importance is hard to over-emphasize.
John Dunn - Ambertec PE PC A set of power supply design case histories is presented in which technical issues and difficulties arose which were beyond the resources of the power supply designers to solve. With each situation, the resolution and outcome are presented. Presented situations include totally intractable power supply oscillations against which no loop compensations were effective, infant mortality of power MOSFETs in a seemingly well protected design environment, thermal runaways leading to total power supply destruction after apparently normal operating time periods of hours to days, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) problems due to a design deficiency in the PWM chip itself, conditional feedback instability across a galvanic isolation barrier and peak power damage prevention for transient absorbing diodes in a MIL-STD-704A environment. Underlying mathematical analysis methods brought to bear in these situations are presented. These include non-software-based device parameter curve fitting and software-based exponential equation derivation.
Louis Diana - Texas Instruments There are numerous Switching Regulator topologies each with advantages and disadvantages. This presentation discusses the various topologies such as Buck Regulators with PWM Control, Synchronous vs. Non-Synchronous, Multi-Phase designs, operating frequencies, filtering, and Continuous, Critical and Discontinuous conduction. Also Boost Regulators, Buck-Boost Regulators and Sepic Regulators are covered. Topics such as Efficiency, Losses, Inductor design and the advantages of Synchronous Rectification are included.
Morty Eisen - Marcum Technology Power over Ethernet or PoE technology describes a system to safely transfer electrical power, along with data, to remote devices over standard category 5 cable in an Ethernet network. This presentation describes the key components of PoE and discusses existing applications for this technology. Also reviewed are the current IEEE 802.3af-2003 standard and the proposed IEEE 802.3at standard that promises to deliver more power to enable a new breed of PoE devices and applications.
John Dunn - Ambertec A set of situations is presented in which technical issues and difficulties arose over the course of more than forty years and which each defied the resources of one or more engineers. With each situation, the resolution and outcome are presented. Presented applications include creating an SPDT switching function with only SPST availability and no transistors, measuring a collector current in the face of multi-hundred collector volts with no high voltage differential amplifiers, how to negate a non-removable shunt capacitance from a signal line, how to determine the RMS value of a pulse train waveform without an RMS voltmeter, how to estimate resistor aging effects, the suppression of a voltage reference device's parasitic oscillation, an unexpected source of measurement error when using a magnetic field pick-up coil, the suppression of far-field magnetic field pick-up by audio transformers, signal coupling capacitor placement versus signal isolation requirements, polystable memory elements, a variety of current pumps, a TO-5 packaging booby trap, and many other topics.
Xavier Ramus - Texas instruments Practical analytical models for both voltage feedback and current feedback amplifiers are developed and used as a tool to demonstrate usage and limitations. Input architectures and trade-offs are discussed with side-by-side comparisons. Presented applications include ADC drivers and DAC output amplifiers.
John Dunn - Ambertec An alternative method of circuit analysis versus the use of SPICE is presented. Invoking only first principles, both linear and non-linear circuits can be analyzed under quiescent and/or time varying conditions. Presented applications include electrostatic discharge (ESD) events, electromagnetic interference (EMI) susceptibility, power supply designs and motor drive.
Peter Voltz - Polytechnic University In order to estimate the location of an indoor Mobile Station (MS), estimated times of arrival (TOA) can be obtained at each of several access points, or Base Stations. These TOA estimates can then be used to solve for the location of the MS. Alternatively, it is possible to estimate the location of the MS directly by incorporating the received signals at all Base Stations in a maximum likelihood estimator, for example. This talk discusses two localization techniques based on a statistical model of the channel multipath environment. A maximum likelihood method for TOA estimation is first discussed and compared to an alternative super-resolution technique for OFDM signals in indoor multipath environments. This technique incorporates the received signals at all Base Stations in a maximum likelihood estimator of position, rather than first estimating TOA’s and then localizing. Analytical details and computer simulations are presented.
Arthur Williams - Telebyte This lecture introduces active and passive filter design while presenting a number of circuits and techniques related to filter design and synthesis. Some of these have been developed by the speaker and remained largely unpublished. Topics include Filter Polynomial types, Conventional LC and Active Filters, Design of D-Element Active Low-Pass Filters, Passive Filter Transformations to Improve Realizability, Active All-Pass Filters, Active Amplitude and Delay Equalizer Structures, Attenuators, Power Splitters and Measurement Techniques.
Morty Eisen - Extricom An introduction to a smarter deployment of the 802.11 standard is presented, that eliminates the traditional performance limitations caused by RF cell planning, co-channel interference, edge users, rate adaptation, mixed b/g devices, and frequent AP-to-AP handoffs. While adhering to the 802.11 a/b/g standard and remaining completely client-agnostic, the Extricom patented Interference-Free architecture takes a new approach to infrastructure design and deployment. At the heart is the “channel blanket” topology, which allows each Wi-Fi channel to be used everywhere, on every access point, to create blankets of coverage.
Patrick Noonan - National Instruments Virtual Instrument technology has widely been used for test, measurement and system level design. National Instruments is pioneering a new use of Virtual Instrumentation – the use of advanced measurement and instrumentation techniques that can be used in conjunction with SPICE based simulation technology to improve the overall design, development and testing of circuit level designs. Several design scenarios are given in the area of analog, digital and mixed signal designs to highlight the capability and feasibility of using Virtual Instrumentation techniques in the design flow. A demonstration of a board level Sigma-Delta design using SPICE and Virtual Instrumentation technology is showcased to highlight these concepts. Both the SPICE based simulation and board level design of the Sigma Delta are demonstrated and discussed.
John Lopinto - Communications Specialties Television technology has completely changed with the introduction of digital High Definition TV broadcasts. The simple days of analog television, which has served us for over 50 years, are now in their twilight. This presentation outlines the basics of digital HDTV technology and the underlying standards. TV facility system design practices and issues, considering mixed analog and digital facilities, and the implications on TV circuit design are discussed. The transition from analog to digital TV systems are also explored, as well as the growing need for fiber optics for signal distribution. In addition, a brief outline of worldwide HDTV activities is presented.
Dr. Bradley S. Carlson - Symbol The use of 2D image sensor arrays to capture and decode barcodes is rapidly gaining acceptance in the marketplace. 2D barcodes are being adopted in several industries including retail, transportation, manufacturing and healthcare for various applications. In this talk the basics of a digital camera system used for scanning barcodes are described including the image sensor technology, optics, digital electronics and software. The pixel electronics of CMOS and CCD array sensors and their architectures are presented. The basics of the optical system are presented with explanations of resolution and depth of field. The hardware/software architecture of the digital system is presented. Examples of products and the applications in which they are used are described.
Dr. Aaron Kershenbaum - IBM, Watson
Research Center There is an immense amount of information currently available in machine-readable form. Some of it is readily available using keyword-based search; e.g., via Google. But much of this information, for example medical knowledge stored in patient records, may be accessed much more effectively via concepts. For example, prospective candidates for clinical surveys may be most readily identified by their matching complex criteria such as “has a family history of cancer but not obesity”. Each of these concepts (e.g., family history of cancer) can be defined in terms of other concepts and relationships among them. It is then possible to infer the presence of a concept even though it is not explicitly stated. A formal system which defines concepts in terms of other concepts and relationships among them is called an ontology. If we can reason efficiently over ontologies, we can use them as tools for doing concept-based retrieval. In this talk we describe ontologies and ongoing research which has led to the development of algorithms capable of reasoning over very large ontologies efficiently enough to make concept based retrieval feasible in real situations.
Dr. Alex Doboli - Stony Brook University Mixed-signal systems-on-chip (SoC) technology has rapidly evolved in recent years allowing the including on a chip of programmable analog and digital circuits in addition to CPU cores, memory, and I/Os. Programmable mixed-signal SoCs can be customized in short time and at low cost to implement new functionality and performance requirements. On the other hand, SoC based design has a steep learning curve due to the cross-disciplinary nature and complexity of the process. Design automation tools aide not only in reducing design effort and time, but also in the easier tackling of the cross-disciplinary nature of the design.
Dr. Richard Saeks - Accurate Automation
Corporation If engineering is the “Art of Design,” then the ultimate goal of the design engineer is to automate the design process. Indeed, in the first half of the 20th Century, the circuit designers led the engineering world by automating the design of telephone filters and other passive circuits via passive network synthesis. Although this technology was obsoleted in the second half of the century, by advances in solid-state and computing technology, it set the stage for future developments in circuits and systems design automation. Some of the progress towards this goal, and the potential for fully automating the design of modern circuits and systems, are reviewed.
Networks for use as a Communication Medium
Ralph Stolowicki - PowerCom Technologies An overview of a typical power distribution network is reviewed, followed by a number of actual measurement results taken on an underground secondary power distribution network. Topics covered include network characteristic impedance and network path loss. This lecture is intended for system and design engineers involved in the development of communication systems over long distances using secondary power lines in metropolitan areas.
Stephen E. Sussman-Fort - EDO Non-Foster synthesis bypasses the gain-bandwidth limitations of conventional LC matching and achieves superior broadband performance by employing negative circuit elements, which are realized via negative impedance converters. The fundamental concept is to construct a negative-image model of an antenna, which cancels the antenna's parasitic reactance and transforms its frequency-dependent radiation resistance to a constant value. Successful implementation of negative-image modeling requires the realization of stable, low-loss negative elements. After a discussion of the basic ideas of non-Foster matching, experimental results are presented for broadband, stable, high-Q, grounded negative capacitance. In an experimental confirmation of non-Foster impedance matching for signal reception, a floating negative capacitor is used to cancel a substantial portion of the reactance of a monopole antenna.
Arthur Williams - Telebyte This lecture presents a number of circuits and techniques, related to filter design and synthesis, that are not discussed in general literature. Some of these circuits and techniques have been developed by the speaker over the years and remained largely unpublished. Specific topics covered include the design of D-element active LPFs, bi-directional impedance converters for resistive loads, a family of zero-phase-shift LPFs and useful passive filter transformations to improve realizability. Other active networks, such as all-pass filters and amplitude/delay equalizer structures, are also discussed. |
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